Study and comparison arch at framework modern materials case study: Iran

With the shaping of novel ideas and trends in architecture, the traditional use of arched structures and forms is gradually fading away and being forgotten. This is while today the advancement of technology and the emergence of a wide range of innovations as well as the utilization of superb creativity have resolved many issues that were generally associated with arch shaped structures, whereby this particular type of structure has attracted attention and has gained importance in different ways. For instance, nowadays arch is used along with other kinds of novel innovations such as truss and space structures through the application of new materials like tent-like, membrane and composite structures. Rapid global progress in the domain of architecture and utilization of new technologies and revolutionary structures necessitates more attention and research on this field in our country. In this study, first existing research literatures on arch shaped structures have been reviewed critically and then considerations have been granted to novel compositions of this structure and accordingly it is hoped that the conclusions put forth by this research are considered in the educational and administrative sectors of the country.Keywords: Arch, novel architecture, composition, creative spatial structure

Entrepreneurship Education in Iranian Higher Education: The Current State and Challenges

Entrepreneurship has long been considered a significant factor for socioeconomic growth and development because it provides millions of job opportunities, offers a variety of consumer goods and services, and generally increases national prosperity and competitiveness. Due to this positive impact of entrepreneurship, recent decades have seen a tremendous rise in entrepreneurship education at various universities and colleges around the globe, including in Iran. In the middle of this expansion remains the challenges and problems of development and changes for entrepreneurship.This paper investigates the state, trends, challenges and solutions in entrepreneurship education in Iran which emerged from an extensive review of literature. The literature reviewed indicates that entrepreneurship education in Iranian higher education faces with economic, political, social, and cultural challenges. Also this article offers some approaches and recommendations for resolving the challenges as well as encouraging and fostering entrepreneurship in higher education. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policy makers, educators, students and graduate entrepreneurs. Stakeholders could use this study to make better choices in relation to the improvement of entrepreneurship education in Iranian higher education system